Category: linux

zfs snapshot send resume

Posted on by mario
zfs send ... |  ssh host2 zfs receive -s otherpool/new-fs

On the receiving side, get the opaque token with the DMU object #, offset stored in it

zfs send ... |  ssh host2 zfs receive -s otherpool/new-fs
zfs get receive_resume_token otherpool/new-fs
# 1-e604ea4bf-e0-789c63a2...

Re-start sending from the DMU object #, offset stored in the token

zfs send -t 1-e604ea4bf-e0-789c63a2... |  ssh host2 zfs receive -s otherpool/new-fs

If you don’t want to resume the send, abort to remove the partial state on the receiving system

zfs receive -A otherpool/new-fs

ZFS enable email notification

Posted on by mario

Edit

/etc/zfs/zed.d/zed.rc

uncomment

ZED_EMAIL_ADDR="mail@example.com"

and add a valid email address.

uncomment

ZED_EMAIL_PROG="mail"

uncomment

ZED_EMAIL_OPTS="-s '@SUBJECT@' @ADDRESS@"

uncomment

ZED_NOTIFY_VERBOSE=0

if you want to get an email after every scrup set the value to 1

save the file and restart zed service

systemctl restart zed.service

failed Import ZFS pools by cache file

Posted on by mario

A single disk zpool “test” crashed on my server (the disk died). It was just for testing, so nothing dramatic. However, when I rebooted the server I got the error message “failed Import ZFS pools by cache file”.  A zpool destroy -f did not solve the problem. zpool status still showed the “test” pool. The other pool tank was still working.

What did help was

# disable the cache file for the existing pool(s)
zpool set cachefile=none tank
# delete the old pool file
rm -rf /etc/zfs/zpool.cache
# recreate if
touch /etc/zfs/zpool.cache
reboot
# re-enable the cache
zpool set cachefile=/etc/zfs/zpool.cache tank

Well, the cache file should be automatically updated when your pool configuration is changed, but with the crashed pool it did not.

resize2fs new size too large to be expressed in 32 bits

Posted on by mario

After virtualizing a real computer with an old Linux I wanted to increase the partition size of the data drive. But I got this warning: resize2fs new size too large to be expressed in 32 bits

How to solve this? I started the VM with gparted-live.iso

# check file system
e2fsck -f /dev/sdb1
# auf 64 bit ändern
resize2fs -b /dev/sdb1
# increase partition .... wait :D / optional coffee
resize2fs -p /dev/sdb1
# check file system
e2fsck -f /dev/sdb1

Done :)

iptables 101

Posted on by mario

How to do things with iptables. Safety first: How to reset everything.

sudo iptables -F
sudo iptables -X
sudo iptables -t nat -F
sudo iptables -t nat -X
sudo iptables -t mangle -F
sudo iptables -t mangle -X
Also, safety first: Don’t just copy something and run it on your server. You better understand what you are doing.
How to block a service?
Instead of using “DROP” you should use “REJECT –reject-with tcp-reset”. If you want to be able to access that service from the inside, you have to add an allow rule first.
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s localhost --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT #mysql allow local
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset #mysql

The “REJECT –reject-with tcp-reset” looks to the outside like there is no service running. A “DROP” will show that there is a firewall / iptables working.

Blocking an IP range

sudo iptables -A bannedDownloader -s 14.120.0.0/16 -j DROP

Disallow NTP queries

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p udp -s localhost --dport 123 -j ACCEPT #ntp allow local
sudo iptables -I INPUT -p udp --dport 123 -j REJECT #ntp

Block timestamp

sudo iptables -I INPUT 1 -p ICMP --icmp-type timestamp-request -j DROP
sudo iptables -I INPUT 1 -p ICMP --icmp-type timestamp-reply -j DROP
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 13 -j DROP

Fun with windows subsystem for linux Part 3

Posted on by mario

Now there Debian available over the Microsoft Store on Windows 10. Very small RAM usage, much better than the ubuntu version.

Open PowerShell as Administrator and run:

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux

Then Open the Microsoft Store and search for debian.

The File are now in C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Packages\TheDebianProject.DebianGNULinux_*

I wonder why it is no longer in C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\lxss\

For having correct displayed german characters I had to change the console

sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
sudo apt install console-setup
sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

debian boots into uefi shell

Posted on by mario

Today one of my linux servers did not boot. Instead there was a grub uefi shell. Typing the help command listed a bunch of commands in dark blue on a dark grey. Not easy to read. Trying to use the gui did not solve the problem. Resetting the config did also not help. Some forum posts said to create a symlink to the efi file. My issue was that /boot/efi is a separate partion due btrfs on the my system.

What did work was using the command line to add the efi again.

bcfg boot add 0 fs0:\EFI\debian\grubx64.efi "Debian"

However writing in english mode on a german style keyboard is often “times of wonder”. Use # ( hash) for the backslash and ä for the quotes. I still wonder why I have to use a backslash on a linux system…

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