Technik – Mario

private IP ranges

Posted on 19.05.2025 by mario

Some IP addresses and IP ranges are reserved for special use, such as for local or private networks,
and should not appear on the public internet. These reserved ranges, along with other IP ranges
that haven’t yet been allocated and therefore also shouldn’t appear on the public internet are
sometimes known as bogons.

Because bogon IP addresses don’t belong to a specific user or server on the internet, so there’s
no way to geolocate them.

## IPv4 Bogon Ranges


| Netblock          | Description                                   |
|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
|0.0.0.0/8          | "This" network                                |
|10.0.0.0/8         | Private-use networks                          |
|100.64.0.0/10      | Carrier-grade NAT                             |
|127.0.0.0/8        | Loopback                                      |
|127.0.53.53        | Name collision occurrence                     |
|169.254.0.0/16     | Link local                                    |
|172.16.0.0/12      | Private-use networks                          |
|192.0.0.0/24       | IETF protocol assignments                     |
|192.0.2.0/24       | TEST-NET-1                                    |
|192.168.0.0/16     | Private-use networks                          |
|198.18.0.0/15      | Network interconnect device benchmark testing |
|198.51.100.0/24    | TEST-NET-2                                    |
|203.0.113.0/24     | TEST-NET-3                                    |
|224.0.0.0/4        | Multicast                                     |
|240.0.0.0/4        | Reserved for future use                       |
|255.255.255.255/32 | Limited broadcast                             |

## IPv6 Bogon Ranges

| Netblock     | Description                                                                       |
|--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|::/128        | Node-scope unicast unspecified address                                            |
|::1/128       | Node-scope unicast loopback address                                               |
|::ffff:0:0/96 | IPv4-mapped addresses                                                             |
|::/96         | IPv4-compatible addresses                                                         |
|100::/64      | Remotely triggered black hole addresses                                           |
|2001:10::/28  | Overlay routable cryptographic hash identifiers (ORCHID)                          |
|2001:db8::/32 | Documentation prefix                                                              |
|fc00::/7      | Unique local addresses (ULA)                                                      |
|fe80::/10     | Link-local unicast                                                                |
|fec0::/10     | Site-local unicast (deprecated)                                                   |
|ff00::/8      | Multicast (Note: ff0e:/16 is global scope and may appear on the global internet.) |

## IPv6 Additional Bogon Ranges

These ranges aren’t officially IPv6 bogon ranges – they’re IPv6 representations of different IPv4 bogon ranges.

| Netblock              | Description                       |
|-----------------------|-----------------------------------|
| 2002::/24             | 6to4 bogon (0.0.0.0/8)            |
| 2002:a00::/24         | 6to4 bogon (10.0.0.0/8)           |
| 2002:7f00::/24        | 6to4 bogon (127.0.0.0/8)          |
| 2002:a9fe::/32        | 6to4 bogon (169.254.0.0/16)       |
| 2002:ac10::/28        | 6to4 bogon (172.16.0.0/12)        |
| 2002:c000::/40        | 6to4 bogon (192.0.0.0/24)         |
| 2002:c000:200::/40    | 6to4 bogon (192.0.2.0/24)         |
| 2002:c0a8::/32        | 6to4 bogon (192.168.0.0/16)       |
| 2002:c612::/31        | 6to4 bogon (198.18.0.0/15)        |
| 2002:c633:6400::/40   | 6to4 bogon (198.51.100.0/24)      |
| 2002:cb00:7100::/40   | 6to4 bogon (203.0.113.0/24)       |
| 2002:e000::/20        | 6to4 bogon (224.0.0.0/4)          |
| 2002:f000::/20        | 6to4 bogon (240.0.0.0/4)          |
| 2002:ffff:ffff::/48   | 6to4 bogon (255.255.255.255/32)   |
| 2001::/40             | Teredo bogon (0.0.0.0/8)          |
| 2001:0:a00::/40       | Teredo bogon (10.0.0.0/8)         |
| 2001:0:7f00::/40      | Teredo bogon (127.0.0.0/8)        |
| 2001:0:a9fe::/48      | Teredo bogon (169.254.0.0/16)     |
| 2001:0:ac10::/44      | Teredo bogon (172.16.0.0/12)      |
| 2001:0:c000::/56      | Teredo bogon (192.0.0.0/24)       |
| 2001:0:c000:200::/56  | Teredo bogon (192.0.2.0/24)       |
| 2001:0:c0a8::/48      | Teredo bogon (192.168.0.0/16)     |
| 2001:0:c612::/47      | Teredo bogon (198.18.0.0/15)      |
| 2001:0:c633:6400::/56 | Teredo bogon (198.51.100.0/24)    |
| 2001:0:cb00:7100::/56 | Teredo bogon (203.0.113.0/24)     |
| 2001:0:e000::/36      | Teredo bogon (224.0.0.0/4)        |
| 2001:0:f000::/36      | Teredo bogon (240.0.0.0/4)        |
| 2001:0:ffff:ffff::/64 | Teredo bogon (255.255.255.255/32) |

Windows batch remove squared brackets

Posted on 26.03.2025 by mario

@echo off
setlocal enableextensions disabledelayedexpansion

set "search1=["
set "replace1=("
set "search2=]"
set "replace2=)"

set "textFile=test.txt"

(for /f "delims=" %%i in ('type "%textFile%"') do (
    set "line=%%i"
    setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
    set "line=!line:%search1%=%replace1%!"
    set "line=!line:%search2%=%replace2%!"
    echo(!line!
    endlocal
)) > "%textFile%.tmp"

move /y "%textFile%.tmp" "%textFile%" >nul

Git Tag Delete Local and Remote

Posted on 07.03.202507.01.2025 by mario

# delete local tag '12345'
git tag -d 12345
# delete remote tag '12345' (eg, GitHub version too)
git push origin :refs/tags/12345
# alternative approach
git push --delete origin tagName
git tag -d tagName

Diskpart Windows restore partion

Posted on 23.02.202507.01.2025 by mario

restore partion

diskpart
list disk
select disk #
clean
create partition primary
select partition 1
format quick

Regex Robocopy Logfile Filter

Posted on 19.02.202519.02.2025 by mario

Robocopy Log Dateien filter with Regex in Notepad++

REM Zeilen, die FEHLER enthalten
REM ^(.*)FEHLER
REM
REM Zeilen mit neuen Dateien
REM ^(.*)EXTRA Datei(.*)$
REM
REM Zeilen mit neuen Verzeichnissen
REM ^(.*)ZUS\. Verz(.*)$
REM
REM Doppelte Zeilen
REM ^(.*?)$\s+?^(?=.*^\1$)
REM
REM Leere Zeilen
REM ^\s*$

Windows remote rename (AD) computers

Posted on 14.02.202513.02.2025 by mario

# oldname, newname
$Computers = import-csv .\Rename.csv
$adminUser = Get-Credential
# "PREFIX- +" "+ $SerNum"
$Computers = Import-Csv ServerNames.csv -Header OldName, NewName
Foreach ( $Computer in $Computers ) 
{
	Rename-Computer -ComputerName $Computer.OldName -NewName $Computer.NewName -DomainCredential $adminUser -Force -PassThru
}

Windows Update Error 0x80073712

Posted on 04.02.202504.02.2025 by mario

Run the DISM tool

tap Search.
Enter command prompt in the search box.
In the list of results, swipe down on or right-click Command Prompt, and then tap or click Run as administrator.
In the Administrator: Command Prompt window, type the following commands. Press the Enter key after each command:

DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Scanhealth
DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth

To close the Administrator: Command prompt window, type Exit, and then press Enter.
Run Windows Update again.

Git Reset Last Commit

Posted on 23.01.202507.01.2025 by mario

nobody pulled yet

git reset --hard <commit-hash-one-before-the-bad-commit>
git push --force

someone already pulled

git revert <bad-commit-hash>
git push

Git on Windows chmod +x

Posted on 15.01.202507.01.2025 by mario

git update-index --chmod=+x script.sh

Add an alias to git config

git config --global alias.chmod "update-index --chmod"

Vlc Player Starts Very Slow

Posted on 07.01.2025 by mario

FIX

A

Start cmd as Administrator

cd C:\Program Files\VideoLan\VLC
vlc-cache-gen .\plugins

B

Open VLC preferences via the menu or by pressing CTRL+P.
Select show settings > All from the bottom left corner
In the Advanced section, uncheck “Scan for new plugins”

Category: Technik